Hyo

Introduction
Hyo is used in the treatment of pain due to smooth muscle spasm. It relieves cramps in the stomach, intestine, bladder, and ureter. It also be used to relieve the symptoms of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (symptoms include abdominal pain, cramping, bloating, and diarrhea or constipation). Hyo is given by your doctor or nurse. You should keep taking this medicine for as long as your doctor recommends. If you stop treatment too early your symptoms may come back and your condition may worsen. Let your doctor know about all other medications you are taking as some may affect, or be affected by this medicine. The most common side effects are blurred vision, increased heart rate, dryness in mouth, and dilatation of pupil. Most of these are temporary and usually resolve with time. Contact your doctor straight away if you are at all concerned about any of these side effects. This medicine may cause diarrhea, so it is better to take plenty of fluids while taking this medicine as it may help to prevent dehydration. It may also cause dizziness and sleepiness, so do not drive or do anything that requires mental focus until you know how this medicine affects you. Avoid drinking alcohol while taking this medicine as it can worsen your sleepiness. Pregnant women should also consult their doctor before taking this medicine. Hyo should be used with caution in patients with liver and kidney disease or alcohol abuse.

_
Uses of Hyo
Pain due to smooth muscle spasm
Side effects of Hyo
Common
Blurred vision
Increased heart rate
Dryness in mouth
Diarrhea
Dilatation of pupil
How to use Hyo
Your doctor or nurse will give you this medicine. Kindly do not self administer.
How Hyo works
Hyo is an anticholinergic medication. It works by relaxing the muscles in the stomach and gut (intestine). It stops sudden muscle contractions (spasms), thereby relieving cramps, pain, bloating, and discomfort.
What if you forget to take Hyo?
If you miss a dose of Hyo, take it as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular schedule. Do not double the dose.
Quick Tips
Do not take hyoscine if you are allergic to hyoscine or any of the other ingredient of the tablet or solution.
Do not drive or operate machinery immediately after taking hyoscine as it may cause drowsiness.
Consult your doctor before taking hyoscine, if you have a history of heart problems like heart failure or fast heart rate; an overactive thyroid; fever, constipation or difficulty while urinating.
Brief Description
Indication
Gastrointestinal tract spasm, Abdominal pain, Genitourinary spasm
Adult Dose
Oral Gastrointestinal tract spasm; Genitourinary spasm Adult: 20 mg 4 times daily. Parenteral Gastrointestinal tract spasm; Genitourinary spasm Adult: 20 mg IM/IV repeated after 30 min if needed. Max Dosage: 100 mg daily.

_
Child Dose
Oral Gastrointestinal tract spasm; Genitourinary spasm Child: 6-12 yr: 10 mg tid.

_
Contraindication
Narrow-angle glaucoma, acute haemorrhage, paralytic ileus, tachycardia due to cardiac insufficiency, myasthenia gravis.
Mode of Action
Hyoscine competitively blocks muscarinic receptors and has central and peripheral actions. It relaxes smooth muscle and reduces gastric and intestinal motility.
Precaution
Hepatic/renal disease, pyloric stenosis, urinary retention, prostatic hyperplasia, psychosis, seizure disorders, ulcerative colitis, coronary artery disease, tachyarrhythmias, heart failure, hypertension. Elderly, children, pregnancy, lactation.
Side Effect
Flushing, postural hypotension, tachycardia, fibrillation. Rarely psychotic reactions. Dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue, headache, memory loss. Dry skin, erythema, increased sensitivity to light, rash. Bloatedness, constipation, dry throat, dysphagia, nausea, vomiting, xerostomia. Dysuria, urinary retention. Tremor, weakness. Impaired accommodation, blurred vision, cycloplegia, dryness, narrow-angle glaucoma, increased intraocular pain, itching, photophobia, pupil dilation. Dry nose. Decreased diaphoresis, heat intolerance. Ophthalmic: Somnolence, dermatitis, oedema, exudate, follicular conjunctivitis, increased IOP, local irritation, photophobia, vascular and respiratory congestion. Potentially Fatal: CNS depression, coma, circulatory and respiratory failure.

_
Interaction
Additive sedative effects with alcohol or other CNS depressants. Reduced effects with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine, tacrine). Potentially Fatal: Effect potentiated by other anticholinergic drugs and TCAs.

_